Rwanda

Over the past decade a trend of declining overall rainfall has been observed, however, this has been interspersed with years of excessive rainfall, more intense and frequent compared to earlier decades. Over the past decade, the rainy seasons have been observed to become shorter, and rains do sometimes commence later than usual. Dry spells and even prolonged droughts are observed in some years and are often geographically specific. A trend of increasing temperatures has been observed in Kigali, with significantly hotter abnormalities since the late 1990s (both of annual average maximum and minimum temperature). No country wide data are available currently. Extreme rainfall events in the rainy season have led to severe flooding in various areas in Rwanda. Overall the occurrence of extreme phenomena (drought and floods, the latter leading to severe soil erosion and even landslides) has increased. GCM projections of future climate predict overall hotter climatic conditions, both in terms of day and night temperatures. Rainfall may increase, especially events that are more intense

1. Dynamic, long-term planning mechanisms to cope with the inherent uncertainties of climate change introduced
2.   Leadership and institutional frameworks to manage climate change risks and opportunities in an integrated manner at the local and national levels strengthened
3.   Climate-resilient policies and measures identified in priority sectors implemented
4.   Financing options to meet national adaptation costs expanded at the local, national, sub-regional and regional levels
5.Knowledge on adjusting national development processes to fully incorporate climate change risks and opportunities generated and shared across all levels